Journal of Medical Council of Iran
مجله علمی پژوهشی سازمان نظام پزشکی ایران
jmciri
Medical Sciences
http://jmciri.ir
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admin
1562-1073
3041-9956
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10.22034
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fa
jalali
1404
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gregorian
2025
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پمپهای افلاکس در مایکوباکتریومها: ساختار، مکانیسمهای مولکولی، پیامدهای بالینی و مهارکنندههای اختصاصی
Efflux Pumps in Mycobacteria: Structure, Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Specific Inhibitors
بیماری های عفونی
مروری
Review
<p dir="RTL" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:15pt"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#16469d"><span style="font-weight:bold">چکیده<span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">زمینه</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">: </span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نفوذناپذیر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دیواره</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سلولی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">فعالیت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">چند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارویی،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مهم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ترین</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مکانیسم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">هایی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">هستند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">که</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ایجاد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاومت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارویی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ذاتی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">باکتری</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نقش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مطالعات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پیشین</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نشان</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داده</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">که</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افزایش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بیان</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">گونه</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مختلف</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کاهش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اثربخشی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داروهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ضد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">همراه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بوده</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">است</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ژن</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کدکننده</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">چندین</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">گونه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شناسایی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شده</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پروتئین</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">قادرند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ترکیبات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مختلف</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">جمله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">آمینوگلیکوزیدها،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">فلوروکینولون</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سایر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">عوامل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ضد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">میکروبی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">را</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داخل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سلول</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">خارج</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کنند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ممکن</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">است</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">خروج</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داروهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کلیدی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ضد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مانند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ایزونیازید</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ریفامپین</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نیز</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نقش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داشته</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">باشند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مروری</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پیشرفت</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اخیر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">درک</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نقش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاومت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارویی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">تمرکز</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">راهبردهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ممکن</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">برای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقابله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مکانیسم،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">جمله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">استفاده</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مهارکننده</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اختصاصی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">را</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مورد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">توجه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">قرار</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">می</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دهد</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">روش</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b> </b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">کار</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">:</span></b></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مطالعه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">روش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مرور</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نظام</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">انجام</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شد</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">جستجوی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقالات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">استفاده</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کلیدواژه</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Mycobacterium</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">D</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">rug</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">resistance</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Efflux</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">pumps</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Efflux</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">transporters</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Efflux</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">pump</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">inhibitors</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پایگاه</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">علمی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">معتبر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">جمله</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> ,</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">PubMed</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scopus</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Google</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scholar</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بازه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">زمانی</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 2000 </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">تا</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 2024 </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">انجام</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شد</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مجموع،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">تعداد</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 312 </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شناسایی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">که</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">از</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">فرایند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">غربالگری،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">تعداد</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 71 </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">وارد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مطالعه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شدند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">معیارهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ورود</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شامل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقالات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">انگلیسی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">زبان</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اصیل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پژوهشی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مروری</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دسترسی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">آزاد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نمایه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">JCR</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بودند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">که</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بررسی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مکانیسم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاومت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دارویی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بویژه</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نقش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مهارکننده</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">آنها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پرداخته</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بودند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">معیارهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">حذف</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نیز</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شامل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقالات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">تکراری،</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">غیرمرتبط</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">با</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">موضوع</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاله</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">عدم</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دسترسی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">متن</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کامل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقالات</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بودند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">یافته</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">ها</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">:</span></b></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افزایش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بیان</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بخصوص</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> (</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Rv</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">1258</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">c</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> (</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">TAP</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Rv</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">1410</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">c</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">منجر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کاهش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">غلظت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">درون</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سلولی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داروها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کاهش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پاسخ</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">درمان</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">می</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">شود</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">این</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">بطور</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مستقیم</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مقاومت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">در</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">برابر</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داروهای</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ضد</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">سل</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">خط</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اول</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">و</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">خط</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دوم</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کمک</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">می</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">کنند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">. </span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">مهارکننده</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">اختصاصی</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">پمپ</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">های</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افلاکس</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">می</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">توانند</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">حساسیت</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">باکتری</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">به</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">داروها</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">را</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">افزایش</span></span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">دهند</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="line-height:17pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">نتیجه</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt">گیری</span></b></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt">:</span></b></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">با</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">توجه</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">به</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">نقش</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">محوری</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">پمپ</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">های</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">افلاکس</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">در</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مقاومت</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">دارویی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مایکوباکتریوم</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">ها،</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">شناخت</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">ساختار،</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">عملکرد</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">و</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مسیرهای</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مولکولی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">آنها</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">می</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">تواند</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">زمینه</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">ساز</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">طراحی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">راهکارهای</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">درمانی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مؤثرتر</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">باشد</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">. </span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مطالعات</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">بیشتر</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">در</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">زمینه</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">توسعه</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">مهارکننده</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">های</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">اختصاصی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">و</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">بررسی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">بالینی</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">آنها</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">همچنان</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">احساس</span></span></span> <span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">می</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">شود</span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:13pt"><span irmitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:#16469d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Abstract </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:distribute-all-lines"><span style="line-height:13pt"><span irmitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Background:</span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> The impermeable cell wall of Mycobacteria and the activity of multidrug efflux pumps (EPs) are among the key mechanisms contributing to intrinsic drug resistance in these bacteria. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of efflux pumps in various Mycobacterium species is associated with reduced efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Genes encoding efflux pumps have been identified in several Mycobacterium species. These proteins are capable of expelling various compounds, including aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and other antimicrobial agents, from inside the cell. Recent evidence suggests that efflux pumps may also play a role in the expulsion of key anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampin. This review article focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of efflux pumps in the drug resistance of Mycobacteria, highlighting possible strategies to combat this mechanism, including the use of specific efflux pump inhibitors.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:distribute-all-lines"><span style="line-height:13pt"><span irmitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Methods:</span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> This study was conducted as a systematic review. Article searches were performed using the keywords Mycobacterium, drug resistance, efflux pumps, efflux transporters, and efflux pump inhibitors in reputable scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2000 to 2024. In total, 312 articles were initially identified. Following the screening process, 71 articles were included in the final analysis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:distribute-all-lines"><span style="line-height:13pt"><span irmitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-weight:normal">Inclusion criteria consisted of English-language original research and review articles with open access, indexed in JCR-listed journals, that investigated drug resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium species, particularly focusing on efflux pumps and their inhibitors. Exclusion criteria included duplicate articles, those unrelated to the main topic, and studies for which full-text access was not available.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:distribute-all-lines"><span style="line-height:13pt"><span irmitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Results:</span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"> Overexpression of efflux pumps, particularly Rv1258c (TAP) and Rv1410c, in Mycobacteria leads to reduced intracellular drug concentrations and decreased treatment efficacy. These pumps directly contribute to resistance against both first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Specific efflux pump inhibitors can enhance bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span><span class="latin" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"> Given the central role of efflux pumps in the drug resistance of Mycobacteria, understanding their structure, function, and molecular pathways may support the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Further studies are warranted to develop and clinically evaluate specific efflux pump inhibitors.</span></span></span></p>
پمپ های افلاکس (Eps), مایکوباکتریوم, مقاومت دارویی, مهارکنندههای افلاکس پمپ (EPIs)
Efflux pumps (EPs), Mycobacterium, Drug resistance, Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs)PIs)
6
22
http://jmciri.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1531-6&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mehdi
Roshdi Maleki
مهدی
رشدی ملکی
me.roshdi@iau.ac.ir
5070181653
10031947532846009461
Yes
Department of Microbiology, Male.C., Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran
گروه میکروبیولوژی، واحد ملکان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ملکان، ایران