Journal of Medical Council of Iran
مجله علمی پژوهشی سازمان نظام پزشکی ایران
jmciri
Medical Sciences
http://jmciri.ir
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مقایسه مداخلات مبتنی برکارکرد اجرایی و تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمهای (SCDT) بر رشد گفتار و زبان و کاهش علائم در کودکان مبتلا به طیف اوتیسم
Comparison of Effectiveness of Executive Functions and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Interventions on Language Development and Decreasing Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders
روانشناسی
پژوهشي
Research
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:#16469d">چکیده</span></span></span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:#16469d"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمینه</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">هدف</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مقایسه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخلات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کارکرد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجرایی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تحریک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">الکتریکی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">فراجمجمه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">(</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">TDCS</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گفتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">زبان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کاهش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">علائم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کودکان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتلا</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">طیف</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اوتیسم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">انجام</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">شد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مطالعات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پیشین</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">عوامل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">متعدد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">جمله</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ژنتیک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">عوامل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">محیطی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">را</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">موثر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">دانستند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">معتقد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بودند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">افراد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اختلالات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">طیف</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اوتیسم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تعاملات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجتماعی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نقص</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">دارند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">همین</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ترتیب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بررسی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مشکلات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تمرکز</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گفتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">زبان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کاهش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">علائم،</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">امری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مهم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نیازمند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">توجه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">است</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کار</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">روش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مطالعه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نیمه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تجربی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">انجام</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گرفت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمودنی</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">شیوه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">دسترس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تمامی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کودکان</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black"> 7 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تا</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black"> 13 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ساله</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">استان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">خوزستان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتلا</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اختلالات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">طیف</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اوتیسم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">انتخاب</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">صورت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تصادفی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمایشی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کنترل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">قرار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گرفتند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">. 45 </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمودنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">سه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخلات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کارکردهای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجرایی،</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تحریک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">الکتریکی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">فراجمجمه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کنترل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">قرار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گرفتند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پیش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخلات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">برای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">سنجش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گفتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">زبان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمون</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نیوشا</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">برای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">سنجش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">علائم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اوتیسم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مقیاس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گارز</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">استفاده</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">شد</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نتایج</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">استفاده</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تجزیه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تحلیل</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کواریانس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رعایت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پیش</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">فرض</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مورد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ارزیابی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">قرار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گرفت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نشان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">داد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">میزان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">زبان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گفتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخله</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">برکارکردهای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجرایی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخله</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تحریک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">الکتریکی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">فراجمجمه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">در</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گروه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمایش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">شاهد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">پس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">از</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">حذف</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اثرپیش</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آزمون</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">طور</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">معناداری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">با</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">هم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تفاوت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">دارند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">این</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">نتیجه</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بدان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">معناست</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">که</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخله</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کارکردهای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجرایی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تحریک</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">الکتریکی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">فراجمجمه</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ای</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">رشد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">زبان</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">گفتار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">و</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">علائم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اوتیسم</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تاثیر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">معناداری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">دارند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گیری</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اساس</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">یافته</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">های</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">بدست</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">آمده</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">مداخلات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اگر</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">به</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">صورت</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ترکیبی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">اجرا</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">شوند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">می</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="color:black"></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">توانند</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">تاثیرات</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">معنادارتری</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">ایجاد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">کنند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.5pt"><span style="font-family:Mitra"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:#16469d"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Abstract </span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Background:</span></span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">The present research aimed to compare Executive Functions (EF) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) interventions on language development and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies identified many factors including genetic, environmental factors and believed that those suffering from autism spectrum disorders have social skills deficits; thus, addressing these problems with focus on language and symptoms are very important.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Methods:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> This research was conducted as a semi-experimental study and the subjects were selected from 7-13 years old autistic children of Ahvaz and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. 45 subjects were placed in three groups of EF based intervention, TDCS intervention and control. GARS and NEWSHA tests were used to measure language and symptoms of autism before and after interventions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Results:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> The results of this research were evaluated using analysis of covariance after meeting the presuppositions and showed that the amount of improving language and decreasing symptoms of autism in EF based intervention and TDCS are significantly different from control group after removing pre-test effect. This result means that both interventions were effective on language improvement and decreasing the symptoms of autism.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:17.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:IRMitra"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">Conclusion:</span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> Based on findings, combination of both interventions may have significant effect on decreasing the symptoms of autism. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
اوتیسم, رشد زبان, کارکردهای اجرایی, تحریک الکتریکی فراجمجمهای
Autism, Executive functions, Language, TDCS
66
75
http://jmciri.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1913-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Layla
Elhaei
لیلا
الهایی
elhaeilayla@gmail.com
1743023979
0009-0001-6454-6411
Yes
Master of art of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children,Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology,Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
Mehran
Soleymani
مهران
سلیمانی
Msoleymani21@yahoo.com
10031947532846009535
10031947532846009535
No
Associate Professor of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology,Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University,Tabriz,Iran
دانشیار روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی ،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی ،دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان ، تبریز ،ایران
Tara
Najari
تارا
نجاری
TaraNajari@gmail.com
10031947532846009536
10031947532846009536
No
Master of art of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children,Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology,Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی ،دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی ،دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان ،تبریز ، ایران